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The Guide to Biochromatography:
Types, Advantages and Applications

Biochromatographic methods are essential for the separation and analysis of biomolecules and play a central role from research and development to production and quality control. It is an exciting task to keep up with new and innovative developments. This overview guides you through the basics of Biochromatography as well as the various types and applications with their respective advantages.

What is Biochromatography?

Biochromatography is a procedure for separating biomolecules based on their different properties, such as size, shape, electric charge, polarity, or hydrophobicity. This method is particularly useful in the production of biopharmaceuticals, in protein analysis, diagnostics, and drug research.

How does Biochromatography work?

Biochromatography is based on the use of columns or membranes coated with special ligands to bind and separate biomolecules. The method can be carried out in various phases, including ion exchange chromatography, reversed phase chromatography, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction chromatography, and size exclusion chromatography. Each method relies on separating biomolecules based on their different physicochemical properties.

What types of Biochromatography are there?

There are several types of biochromatography, which can be classified into different categories based on the type of separation. These include the following:

Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEX):
In this technique, molecules are separated based on their electric charge. The molecules bind to the counter-charged functional groups of the column and are then eluted by changing the ion strength or pH value.

Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC):
In this method, the hydrophobicity of the molecules plays a role. It is based on the interaction between hydrophobic sites on the molecules and hydrophobic groups bound to the chromatographic carrier material.

Reversed Phase (RP):
The analytes are separated according to their polarity. The stationary phase is non-polar and the mobile phase is polar, so that hydrophilic molecules elute early. More hydrophobic analytes are retained more and thus have a longer retention time.

Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC):
Very polar analytes are retained with a polar stationary phase. Elution takes place with reversed-phase eluents that contain a small amount of water. Ionic strength and pH are adjusted with organic buffers. The addition of salts can be helpful with strongly retarding analytes.

Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC):
This method, also known as gel permeation chromatography, separates molecules according to their size. It uses a porous material that encapsulates smaller molecules, thereby slowing their movement through the column, while larger molecules pass through the column faster.

Why is Biochromatography essential for certain applications/research areas?

Biochromatography is essential for certain applications and research areas as it enables the precise separation of biomolecules, which is of great importance for many research projects. In production, high yield and purity are of critical importance.

Overall, biochromatography provides a powerful tool for the research and development of biopharmaceuticals and other biomolecules, and will continue to play a significant role in the future.